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Bees
Answer the following questions.
1.Have
you ever seen bees?
2.Where
can you find bees?
3.What
do bees look like?
4.What
do bees eat?
5.How
many kinds of bees do you know?
 |
| Bee |
Bees
are useful insects. There are about 20.000 kinds of bees, but only honeybees
make honey.
Honeybees live in
groups called colonies. Each colony has one female queen bee, tens of thousands
of worker bees, and a few hundred males, or drones. Honeybees live in hives.
Inside their hive, the bees make honeycomb of wax. The honeycomb is a kind of bee
apartment building, full of six-sided rooms in which the bees raise young and
store food.
The queen bee lays
thousands of eggs. Worm, like larvae, hatch from the eggs. Each larva becomes a
pupa, which looks partly like a larva and partly like an adult bee. The pupa
then becomes an adult bee. Worker bees feed the young, clean and guard the hive,
and fly to and from flowers. They collect tiny grains of pollen and a sweet
liquid called nectar for food. The pollen is food for young bees. Worker bees
use the nectar to make honey. Without bees bringing pollen from flower to
flower, many plants could not make seeds.
Watch this movie now
Queen bees and
worker bees have stings. Workers use their stings to defend themselves and
their hive. A queen uses their stings to kill other queens.
Most other kinds of
bees live alone instead of in a colony. These bees make tunnels in wood or in
the ground. The queen makes s her own nest.
People admire bees for their busy ways. People
called beekeepers keep bees for honey and for the beeswax the bees use to build
their honeycombs.
TEXT 2
NATURAL DISASTER
Southeastern US Recovering from Deadly Tornadoes. (Taken from voa)
 |
| Tornadoes |
This week, we explore the science of tornadoes. Weather experts say tornadoes
are the most violent of all atmospheric storms. They strike in many parts of
the world, including the United States.
Tornado season has begun in the United States. In late April, tornadoes struck
nine southeastern states.
At least 35 people were killed in the two days of
storms.
The hardest-hit areas were around the city of Little Rock, Arkansas. Officials
there say tornadoes killed at least 15 people in Arkansas. The storms destroyed
hundreds of homes, flattened trees and overturned cars.
The Associated Press says the wreckage included a new $14 million school that
was to open later this year.
About a week later, President Barack Obama went to the town of Vilonia, north
of Little Rock. He told people there that the federal government would help
them recover from the storms.
What exactly is a tornado? It is a violently-turning tube of air suspended from
a thick cloud. A tornado extends from a thunderstorm in the sky down to the
ground. The shape is like a funnel: wide at the top, narrower at the bottom.
Tornadoes form when winds blowing in different directions meet in the clouds
and begin to turn in circles. Warm air rising from below causes the wind tube
to reach toward the ground. Because of their circular movement, these
windstorms are also known as “twisters.”
The most severe tornadoes can reach wind speeds of 320 kilometers an hour or
more. The resulting paths of damage can be up to three kilometers wide, while
the smallest widths are less than 10 meters. In some cases, the paths of damage
can extend more than 480 kilometers.
 |
| Tornadoes victims |
With a tornado, bigger does not necessarily mean stronger. Large tornadoes can
be weak. And some of the smallest tornadoes can be the most damaging. But no
matter what the size, tornado winds are the strongest on Earth. Tornadoes can
carry trees, cars and homes from one place to another. They can also destroy
anything in their path.
Tornadoes have been observed on every continent except Antarctica. But experts
say they are most commonly seen in the United States. On average, more than
1,000 are reported nationwide each year.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration keeps records of tornado
sightings. It says tornadoes kill 70 people and injure 1,500 others nationwide
in an average year.
Tornadoes are observed most often in the center of the United States, where the
land is mostly flat. The area where the most violent tornadoes usually happen
is known as “Tornado Alley.” This area extends from Texas to South Dakota
between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians.
Tornadoes can happen any time of the year. But most happen from late winter to
the middle of summer. In some areas, there is a second high season in autumn.
Tornado seasons are the result of wind and weather patterns. During spring,
warm air moves north and mixes with cold air remaining from winter. In autumn,
the opposite happens. Cold weather moves south and combines with the last of
the warm air from summer.
Tornadoes can strike with little or no warning. Most injuries happen when
flying objects hit people. Experts say the best place to be is in an
underground shelter, or a small, windowless room in the lowest part of a
building.
People driving during a tornado are advised to find low ground and lay flat --
facedown -- with their hands covering their head. People in the path of a
tornado often just have minutes to make life-or-death decisions.
Watch this movie
The deadliest American tornado on record was the Tri-State Tornado of March 18,
1925. It tore across Missouri, Illinois and Indiana, killing 695 people. Technology
was less-developed a century ago. Weather experts were not able to give
warnings about possible tornadoes, like they sometimes do today.
Between March and May of 2011, there were 1,159 confirmed tornadoes across the
United States. Scientists say that is the most on record for any three-month
period. The most-active month was April 2011, when 758 tornadoes were
confirmed. That is the most ever for any month.
That April, the country broke a 37-year-old record for the largest tornado
outbreak. A “tornado outbreak” is commonly defined as six or more tornadoes
produced by the same weather system within a day.
Scientists say the 199 tornadoes on April 27, 2011, were the most for any
single day. They say the storms killed 316 people -- the most ever in modern
records for a 24-hour period.
No two tornadoes look exactly the same. And no two tornadoes act the same
way.
Even a weak tornado requires the right combination of wind, temperature,
pressure and humidity. Weather experts can identify these conditions. And, when
they observe them, they can advise people that tornadoes might develop. But
they are not able to tell exactly when or where a tornado will hit. Tornado
warnings still depend in large part on human observations.
Usually, a community will receive a warning at least a few minutes before a
tornado strikes. But each year there are some surprises where tornadoes develop
when they are least expected.
The tornado reporting system involves watches and warnings. A tornado watch means tornadoes are possible
in the area. A tornado warning means
that a tornado has been seen. People are told to take shelter immediately.
Yet tornadoes can be difficult to see. Sometimes only the objects they are
carrying through the air can be seen. Some night-time tornadoes have been
observed because of lightning strikes nearby. But tornadoes at night are
usually impossible to see.
Tornadoes that form over water are called “waterspouts.” But tornadoes cover a
much smaller area than hurricanes -- which form over oceans.
Tornadoes can be measured using wind speed information from Doppler radar
systems. Tornadoes usually travel in a northeasterly direction, but they have
been known to move in any direction. The average forward speed is about 50
kilometers an hour. But they can have a forward speed of up to 115 kilometers an hour. Or, they
may not move in any direction.
In the United States, the force of a tornado is judged by the damage to
structures. Scientists inspect the damage before they estimate the severity of
a tornado. They measure tornadoes on the “Enhanced Fujita”.
Some people make a sport out of watching and following tornadoes. They are
called “tornado chasers,” or “storm chasers.” Their work can be seen in the
extreme weather videos that are popular on television and the Internet.
Some chasers do it just because it is their idea of fun. Others do it to help
document storms and warn the public. Still others are part of weather research
teams.
A few years ago, an international team of scientists completed a tornado
research project called VORTEX2. More than 100 researchers traveled throughout
America’s Great Plains in 2009 and 2010. They used weather measurement
instruments to collect scientific information about the life of a tornado. The
goal of the project was to examine in detail how tornadoes are formed and the
kinds of damage they cause.
A film about the VORTEX2 project was released in 2011. The film includes
never-before-seen images of tornadoes.
The National Weather Service says the United States gets more severe weather than any other country. One reason for this is because the U.S. is bigger than many countries. It also has many different kinds of conditions that create many different kinds of weather.
The National Weather Service says the United States gets more severe weather than any other country. One reason for this is because the U.S. is bigger than many countries. It also has many different kinds of conditions that create many different kinds of weather.
There are seacoasts and deserts, flat lands and mountains. The West Coast is
along the Pacific Ocean, which is relatively calm. The East Coast is along the
Atlantic Ocean, which is known for its hurricanes. These strike mainly the
southeastern states.
This Science in the News was written by
George Grow and Christopher Cruise, who also produced our report.
After read the text above, answer the question below :
Give your opinion about this natural disaster
What is the main idea according to the text above
