Designed by : Ibrahim, S.Pd
SMKN 1 Masamba
SULTAN HASANUDDIN
Sultan Hasanuddin (Sultan Hasanuddin Tumenanga Ri Balla
Pangkana; 12 January 1631 – 12 June 1670) was the 16th Ruler of The Sultanate of Gowa from 1653
to 1669. He was proclaimed as Indonesian National Hero on 6
November 1973.
Early life
Sultan Hassanudin was born in Makassar, Gowa
Kingdom (on what is now part of South
Sulawesi) under the name I Mallombasi Muhammad Bakir Daeng Mattawang
Karaeng Bonto Mangepe. He was the second prince of the 15th King of Gowa, Sultan Malikussaid.
Upon his conversion to Islam, Hassanudin
changed his name to Sultan Hasanuddin Tumenanga Ri Balla Pangkana.
Succession, war and rebellion
After his accession to the throne of Gowa,
Hasanuddin was faced with a turbulent situation as the Dutch
colonized the East Indies. During this period, the Kingdom of
Gowa was the sole large east Indonesian kingdom which not colonized
by the Dutch. In 1666, under the leadership of Captain Cornelis Spellman, the Dutch East India Company sought to seize
each and every east Indonesian kingdom to monopolized the spice trade,
though were unable to colonize Gowa.
In order to resist Dutch encroachments,
Hasanuddin tried to gather each of the kingdom’s military powers to attack the
Dutch East Indies Company collectively. The wars between the Dutch and the
States continued to worsen until the Dutch increased their military presence.
Eventually the Kingdom of Gowa had no other choice but to agree to peace with
the Dutch under the terms of the Bugaya treaty.
Following the signing of the Bugaya treaty, Gowa
felt that the treaty was unfair and that they were disadvantaged by the terms
of the treaty. As a result, Gowa continued to attack the Dutch. Finally, the
Dutch sought military assistance from Batavia, resulting in a fierce and a
bloody war between the Dutch and Gowa. The war continued until the company
managed to conquer Gowa’s last stronghold, Somba Opu Fort, on 12 June
1669. Sultan Hassanudin retreated and abdicated as the King of Gowa. He died a
year later, on 12 June 1670, and was buried in Katangka, Makassar.
ROTTERDAM FORT
The fort was built in 1545 by the 9th King of Gowa named I manrigau Daeng Bonto Karaeng Lakiung Tumpa'risi 'kallonna.
Thisfort was
originally made from clay, but in the reign of 14th
King of Gowa, Sultan Alauddin, construction of the
fort was changed to padas stone are taken from
the Karst Mountains in the Maros. Ujung Pandang fortress is
shaped like a turtle who wanted to crawl down into the
ocean. The philosophy of kingdom of Gowa can be seen from the
shape, that turtles can live on land and at sea. So
did the Kingdom of Gowa that triumphed on land and
at sea.
The original name of this fort is Fort Ujung Pandang, Gowa-Makassar people call this fort as Fort Panyyua which is the headquarters of the kingdom of Gowa frogmen. Kingdom ofGowa-Tallo finally signed Bungayya agreement which requires that one clause of the Kingdom of Gowa to surrender the fort to the Dutch. At the time the Dutch occupied the fort, the name changed to Fort Ujung Pandang Fort Rotterdam. Cornelis Speelman deliberately chose the name Fort Rotterdam to commemorate his birth in the Netherlands. This fort was later used by the Dutch as a central storage of spices in eastern Indonesia.
In the complex there are now Ujung Pandang fortress La Galigo Museum where there are many references on the history of the greatness of Makassar (Gowa-Tallo) and other areas in South Sulawesi.
Most of the buildings are still intact fortress and become
one of the attractions in the city of Makassar. (Wikipedia)
Exercise 1
What is main character of Sultan Hasanuddin
What is the passage according to the text above
Find 4 inheritance of Sultan Hasanuddin
What is your opinion about the Sultan Hasanuddin
Give your opinion about Rotterdam Fortress
Give your opinion about Rotterdam Fortress
