READING

Reading text I

BIOGRAPHY OF B. J. HABIBIE

            Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie was President of Indonesia from 1998 to 1999. His presidency was the third. Habibie was born in Parepare, South Sulawesi Province, 25 June 1936. His father named Alwi Abdul Jalil Habibie, an agriculturist from Gorontalo descent. His mother was a Javanese noblewoman from Yogyakarta.

Habibie started a study aviation and aerospace at the University of Delft (Netherlands) but for political reasons (issue New Guinea) had to continue his study in Aachen, Germany. In 1974, Suharto recruited Habibie to return to Indonesia as part of Suharto’s drive to industrialize and develop the country.

In January 1998, after accepting nomination for a 7^th term as President, Suharto announced the selection criteria for the nomination of a vice president. Habibie was elected vice president in March 1998 and became the President of Indonesia in May 1998.

Habibie was married to Hasri Ainun Besari, a medical doctor. The couple had two sons, Ilham Akbar Habibie and Thareq Kemal Habibie. After his wife’s death, Habibie published a book titled Habibie & Ainun. The book has been adapted into a film of the same name which was released on December 20, 2012.

 (Taken from Wikipedia)

Read the text carefully and then decide the best answer to the question!

1.      Who is B. J. Habibie

a.       An agriculturist from Gorontalo

b.      The Noblewoman from Yogyakarta

c.       The third president of Indonesia

d.      Lecturer of Delft University

2.      Why did Habibie continue his study in Germany?

a.       Accepting nomination as President

b.      Suharto ‘d drive industrialize

c.       Study avioation and aerospace

d.      Political reason (issue New Guinea)

3.      When Habibie’s return to Indonesia?

a.       1998

b.      1999

c.       1974

d.      2012

4.      The word develop at the second paragraph contrary with…

a.       Build

b.      Destroy

c.       Construct

d.      Rear

5.      Habibie was born in Parepare

The word “in”, use as…

a.       Preposition

b.      Conjunction

c.       Compound

d.      Auxiliary

6.      The underline word at the third paragraph similarly with…

a.       Selected

b.      Included

c.       Recorded

d.      Registered

Reading Text 2

Role of Computer in Education

Computers have changed the way we work, be it any profession. Computers aid industrial processes, find application in medicine; they are the reason why software industries developed and flourished. Computer technology has had a deep impact on the education sector. This is also why the education system has made computer education a part of school curriculum. The advantages of computers in education primarily such us storage of information, audio-visual aids in teaching, access to the internet and quick communication between students, teachers and parents.

Computer technology has made the dream of distance learning, a reality. Education is no longer limited to classrooms. Physically distant locations have come closer due to Internet accessibility. So, even if students and teachers are not in the same premises, they can very well communicate with one another.

Computers facilitate audio-visual representation of information, thus making the process of learning interactive and interesting. Teachers bring presentations on a flash drive, plug it in to a computer in the classroom, and the teaching begins.

Today, computers are a part of almost every industry. They are no longer limited any specific field. They are used in networking, for information access and data storage, and also in the processing and presentation of information. Computers should be introduced early in education.

                         (Taken from www.buzzle.com)

Read the text carefully and then decide the best answer to the question!

7.      Why software industries developed and flourished?

a.       Computers aid industrial processes, find application in medicine

b.      Teachers bring presentations on a flash drive

c.       Easy access to the internet and quick communication

d.      Computers facilitate audio-visual representation of information

8.      What is the advantage of computer in education primarily?

a.       Storage of information, audio-visual aids in teaching

b.      They are no longer limited any specific field

c.       Computers have changed the way we work

d.      Find application in medicine

9.      This is the advantage of computers in education, except…

a.       Storage of information

b.      Find application in medicine

c.       Audio-visual aids in teaching

d.      Quick communication between students, teachers and parents

10.  “Computers have changed the way we work.”

The sentence above categorized into…

a.       Past tense

b.      Passive voice

c.       Gerund

d.      Present tense

11.  Computers … a part of almost every industry.

a.       Were

b.      Are

c.       Is

d.      Will

12.  The word due to similarly with…

a.       Because

b.      But

c.       Only

d.      To

Reading Text 3

Plants

            All living things on the earth belong to the plant, human, and animal family. The plant family gets their food and water from the soil. They also need sunlight to grow. Some of them live in the water and get their food from water. There are many thousands of plants.

            We can divide plants into two groups. There are the plants without stems, roots or leaves. There are the algae and the mosses. Both kinds of plants need a lot of water. So algae usually found in water and moss is found in wet places.

            The other group is the plants with stems. They consist of all fruit trees, flower plants, vegetables and all the timber trees. These plants have roots, stems, and leaves.

            The plants with stems can be divided into the flowering plants and the non flowering plants. The flowering plants have a fruit with a seed inside the flower. Some seeds are flat like wings and are carried by the wind. Some seeds have fleshy fruits which animal eat and pass out. Some seeds are collected and distributed by man. In this way, plants grow once again from seeds.

            The non flowering plants have spores growing on the leaves. When they are dry, they are carried by the wind. Those spores that fall on wet soil start to grow again. These are some of the ways that plants live and multiply.                                                                                                           

(Taken from Aspirasi Bahasa Inggris)

Read the text carefully and then decide the best answer to the question!

13.  Where do we can find the spores of the non flowering plants?

a.       Stems

b.      On the leaves

c.       Fruits

d.      Seeds

14.  Which of the following places where algae can live and multiply?

a.       Flower pot

b.      Aquarium

c.       Garden

d.      Land surface

15.  Plants which have no stems or roots or leaves are

a.       Fruit trees

b.      Flowering plants

c.       Vegetables

d.      Mosses and algae

16.  “Both kinds of plants need a lot of water.” (paragraph 2)

The underlined words refer to

a.       Fruit trees and flower plants

b.      Vegetables and timber trees

c.       Algae and mosses

d.      Moss and vegetables

17.  Paragraph 5 of the passage mainly discuss about

a.       Regeneration of plants

b.      Growing of plants

c.       Planting of plants

d.      Cutting of plants

18.  Non flowering plants The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to

a.       Flower plants

b.      Vegetables

c.       Timber trees

d.      Plants with stems

19.  The synonym of timber tree is

a.       Leafy trees

b.      Shady trees

c.       Woody trees

d.      Flower trees

Reading Text 4

Rain Forests

Most of tropical countries in this world have forests. People call them as the tropical rainforest. These forests contain extremely diverse species and highly productive community.

A few areas in the world contain the most natural and variety rainforests. Those that have survived include forests in the Amazon basin of South America, the Congo River Basin of Central Africa, and the larger Southeast Asian islands. These areas are rainforests all year around. Indonesia may be the country with the largest rainforest area. However, the amount of rainforests in the world reduces year by year.

The rainforests are homes to many plants and animal. Many species live high up in the trees while the other live in the soil, under the surface of forest floors. On the floor of the forest, most plants cannot survive, so there are tends to be very open for movement.

The rainforest is usually hot, humid, dark, and dump. Half of the plant species grow in rainforests. Some trees can get up to 100 feet tall. They create a canopy. It blocks sunlight coming through. Under canopy is an undiscovered world of life.

            (Taken from Aspirasi Bahasa Inggris)

Read the text carefully and then decide the best answer to the question!

20.  What does the text mainly discuss?

a.       Asian islands

b.      Plants and animals

c.       Tropical rainforest countries

d.       Indonesia rainforest

21.  What does the word “these” in paragraph two?

a.       hot, humid, dark

b.      plants and animal

c.       diverse species

d.      Amazon basin of South America, the Congo River Basin of Central Africa, and the larger Southeast Asian islands

22.  The following are the characteristics of rainforests, except

a.       Humid

b.      Dark

c.       Cold

d.      Dump

23.  Which of the following statement is true according to the text?

a.       The plant species growing in the rainforests are less than a half.

b.      Under the canopy is dark because it is very hard for the sunlight coming through.

c.       The animal species rarely can live high up in the trees.

d.      We can find lots of species of plants and animals in the rainforests.

24.  According to the text the largest rainforest in the world is in the country of

a.       Brazil

b.      Congo

c.       Indonesia

d.      South Africa

25.  The word “reduces” in paragraph 2 could probably replaced by

a.       Decreases

b.      Increases

c.       Develops

d.      Produces

26.  We infer from the passage that a canopy is………

a.       The tree leaves which cover the forests

b.      The tree trunks in the forests

c.       The nests of the animal in the forest

d.      The surface of the forest

27.  To anticipate the reduction of forests in the coming years, the government may take which of the following steps

a.       Open the forests for farms

b.      Burn the forests to plant rubber

c.       Stop the illegal logging

d.      Encourage people to settle near the forest

Reading text 5

Questions 28–30 are about the following announcement. Student Volunteers Needed! On Saturday, December 12th, from 10 A.M. until 4 P.M., Carverton Middle School will be holding a music festival in the school gymnasium. The special event will feature a variety of professional musicians and singers. Task Time Date Make posters 1 P.M.–4 P.M. December 5th Set up gym 11 A.M.–4 P.M. December 11th Help performers 9 A.M.–4 P.M. December 12th Welcome guests 10 A.M.–2 P.M. December 12th Clean up gym  4 P.M.–7 P.M. December 12th Students who would like to help at the festival must have written permission from a parent or guardian. (Taken From UN SMK 2008)

28.  What time the festival will begin?

a.       10 A.M.

b.      11 A.M.

c.       1 P.M.

d.      2 P.M.

29.   In line 2, the word feature is closest in meaning to…..

a.       Look

b.      Keep

c.       Include

d.      Entertain

30.  What job will be done the day before the festival begins?

a.       Making posters

b.      Setting up the gym

c.       Cleaning up the gym

d.      Helping the performers

MATERI HUKUM

 Suatu waktu mungkin sobat punya permasalahn hukum. Nah dibawah ini adalah beberapa rangkuman materi hukum terkhusus mengenai HAK-HAK tersangka. Materi ini adalah kompilasi dari Yayasan Lembaga Bantuan Hukum YLBHI (LBH Makassar).

BUKU PANDUAN

HAK-HAK TERSANGKA

LEMBAGA BANTUAN HUKUM MAKASSAR

B a g i a n 1

Penangkapan

Tidak boleh ada orang yang ditangkap, ditahan,digeledah,dan disita barang-barangnya,tanpa perintah tertulis oleh yang berwenang dan menurut cara yang berwenang

Dan menurut cara diatur dengan undang-undang  No.14/1970 pasal 7.

Orang yang disangka ,ditangkap, ditahan, atau diadili pun, tetap dianggap tidak bersalah selama belum ada putusan pengadilan yang berkekuatan tetap.

(UU No.14/1970 Pasal 8).

Jika tertangkap tangan maka siapa saja berhak menangkap dengan tanpa surat perintah, dan segera diserahkan berikut barang buktinya kepada penyidik/penyidik pembantu terdekat.

(UU.No.8/1981 Psl.18 (2).

Tertangkap tangan adalah tertangkapnya seseorang pada waktu sedang melakukan tindak pidana itu dilakukan, atau sesaat kemudian setelah diseruhkan oleh khalayak ramai bahwa ia yang melakukannya,atau sesat kemudian padanya ditemukan benda yang diduga keras telah dipergunakan untuk melakukan tindak pidana itu.

(UU  No.8/1981 Psl.1 point 19).

Lamanya penangkapan maksimal satu hari artinya 1x 24 Jam

(UU No.8/1981 psl.19 (1).

                                             

Bagi tersangka yang melakukan pelanggaran tidak boleh dilakukan penangkapan biasa, sebelum 2 kali berturut-turut dipanggil secara sah dan tersangka tidak mau hadir.

(UU.No.8/1981 Psl.19 (2).

Yang wajib menangkap tersangka dalam hal Tertangkap tangan adalah setiap orang yang mempunyai wewenang dalam tugas ketertiban,ketentraman,dan keamana umum Untuk diserahkan  beserta atau tanpa barang bukti kepada penyelidik atau Penyidik.

UU No. 8?Psl.111(1)

Dalam  hal penangkapan biasa, maka penyidik yan menangkap

Harus membawa surat perintah penangkapan.

Isi surat :

Identitas tersangka

-Alasan penangkapan

-Uraian singkat perkara kejahatan yan dipersangkakan

-Tempat ia diperiksa

Tembusaan surat perintah penangkapan harus diserahkan pula kepada keluarga tersangka segera setelah penangkapan.

UU.No.8/1981 Psl.18(3)

Perintah penangkapan hanya dapat Dilakukan terhadap seseorang yang diduga keras melakukan tindak pidana berdasarkan bukti-bukti permulaan yang cukup .UU.No.8/1981 Pasal 17

Penyidik adalah pejabat polisi negara RI yang diangkat oleh Kepala KepolisianRI,dan pejabat pegawai negeri sipil tertentu yang diangkat oleh menteri Kehakiman RI atas usul dari Departemen yang bersangkutan.

(UU.No.81981/Psl.6 jo PP No.27/1983 psal.2)

Komandan sektor Kepolisian yang berpangkat bintara dibawah pembantu Letnan dua polisi, karena jabatannya adalah penyidik.

PP.No.27 1983 Psl.2 (2)

Yang berwenang melakukan penangkapan adalah penyidik atau penyidik pembantu UU.No.8/1981 Psl.16(2)

 

 Selengkapnya download link dibawah ini:

Peraturan Kapolri tentang implementasi HAM

MATERI HAK-HAK TERSANGKA YLBHI

Rangkuman hak-hak tersangka

APLIKASI KOMPUTER UNTUK BELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS

Untuk sobat yang ingin melatih listening, pronunciation dan reading, berikut aplikasi komputer yang dapat anda gunakan, namanya aplikasi balabolka. Sangat ringan dan mudah digunakan.
semoga bermanfaat.
silahkan klik link download dibawah ini :

Aplikasi Balabolka

ISTILAH-ISTILAH AKUTANSI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS-INDONESIA

Bahasa inggris                                      bahasa indonesia

1.   Bank                                                  Bank

2.  Accumulation                                   Akumulasi

3.  Barter                                                  Barter

4.  Business                                             Bisnis

5.  Check                                                  Cek

6.  Embargo                                            Embargo

7.  Commodity                                        Komoditi

8.  Subsidy                                              Subsidi

9.  Transfer                                             Transfer

10. Royalty                                              Royalti

11.  Capital                                               Modal

12.  Cost                                                   Biaya

13.  Ceiling price                                     Harga eceran tertinggi

14.  Demand                                             Permintaan

15.  Elasticity of demand                      Elastisitas harga dari permintaan

16.  Elasticity of supply                         Elastisitas harga dari penawaran

17.  Equilibrium                                                 Keseimbangan

18.  Equilibrium price                           Harga keseimbangan/harga pasar

19.  Equilibrium quantity                    Jumlah keseimbangan pasar

20. Engei’s law                                       Hukum angel

21.  Diminishing marginal utility      Utilitas marginal yg semakin menurun

22.  Indipendent variable                     Variabel bebas

23.  Dependent variable                       Variabel terikat

24.  Average product                             Jumlah produk total

25.  Law of diminishing return           Hukum hasil lebih yang semakin berkurang

26.  Faktor ceterisparibus                    Faktor-faktor selain harga

27.  Consumers surplus                        Surplus konsumen

28.  APL (Average Product of Labour)   Rata-rata produk yang dihasilkan oleh satu unit  input

       variable

29.  Isoquant                                          Kepuasan yang diukur secara objektif

30. Isocost                                               Biaya yang dikeluarkan produsen

31.  Expense                                            Ongkos

32.  Fixed cost                                        Biaya tetap

33.  Variable cost                                   Biaya berubah

34.  total cost                                          Biaya total

35.  average cost                                     Biaya rata-rata

36  average fixed cost                            Biaya tetap rata-rata

37.  marginal cost                                  Biaya marginal

38.  Ekspektasi                                       Harapan

39.  Budget line                                      Garis anggaran

40.  Income consumption curve         kurva pendapatan konsumsi

41.  Ecomonic profit                              Besarnya keuntungan yang melebihi normal profit

42. Break event analyst                        Analisis yang mempertimbangkan tingkat     kuantitas penjualan perusahaan dimana penerimaan sama dgn pengeluaran biayanya

43.  Breakevent point                           Titik pilang pokok

44.  Derived demand                             Permintaan turunan

45.  Economic man                                Manusia ekonomi

46.  Economise of scale                        Skala ekonomi

47.  Economies of scope                        Kehematan ekonomis karena menghasilkan   berbagai barang dan jasa

48.  Exclusion principel                        Prinsip eksklusi

49.  Impicit-cost elements                   Unsur biaya implisit

50.  Income                                             Penghasilan             

51.  Indifference map                             Peta indeferen

52.  Inelastic demand                            Permintaan inelastis

53.  Least-cost production rule           Ketentuan produksi biaya termurah

54.  Marginal revenue                           Hasil penjualan marginal

55.  Opportunity cost                             Biaya kesempatan              

56.  Insurance premiums                     Premi asuransi

57.  Debt                                                  Utang

58.  Personal Income                            Penghasilan pribadi

59.  underemployed                              Setengah menganggur

60.  open unemployement                   Pengangguran terbuka

61.  Government                                    Pemerintah

62.  Consumtion                                    Konsumsi

63.  Investasi                                          Investasi

64.  Export                                               Ekspor

65.  Import                                              Impor

66.  Interest                                            Bunga

67.  Lease                                                 Sewa

68.  Planning                                          Perencanaan

69.  Organizing                                       Organisasi

70.  stability of value                             Kestabilan nilai

71.  elasticity of supply                          Elastisitas penawaran

72.  portability                                        Portabilitas

73.  Average product                             Rata-rata produk

74.  Assets                                                           Harta/ aktiva

75.  Semi variable cost                          Biaya semi variable

76.  Semi fixed cost                                Biaya semi fixed

77.  Direct cost                                        Biaya langsung

78.  Indirect cost                                    Biaya tak langsung

79.  Administrative cost                       Biaya administrasi

80.  Administrative expense budget Anggaran untuk biaya administrasi

81.  Actual cost                                       Biaya actual

82.  Expired cost                                    Biaya yang sudah dikonsumsi habis pada tahun  berjalan)

83.  Relevant cost                                  Biaya relevan

84.  Differencial cost                             Biaya diferensial

85.  Imputed cost                                   Biaya modal sendiri

86.  Job order costing                           Harga pokok pesanan

87.  Process costing                               Harga pokok proses

88.  Mixed cost                                       Biaya campuran

89.  Joint cost                                         Biaya bersama

90.  Cost accounting                             Akuntansi biaya

91.  Current Asset                                  Harta lancer

92.  Fixed Asset                                      Aktiva tetap

93.  Account Payable                             Hutang Usaha

94.  Account Receivable                       Piutang Usaha

95.  Accounting Cycle                            Siklus Akuntansi

96.  Adjusting Entries                           Ayat Jurnal Penyesuaian

97.  Adjusted Trial Balance                  Neraca Saldo Disesuaikan

98.  Net Income                                                 Laba Bersih

99.   Note Payable                                  Wesel Bayar

100.Note Receivable                             Wesel Tagih (Piutang Wesel)

SUMBER : http://onlydevinovita.wordpress.com/2013/05/29/100-kata-kata-ekonomi-atau-akuntansi-dalam-bahasa-inggris/

ISTILAH-ISTILAH DALAM OTOMOTIF (INDONESIA-ENGLISH)

Istilah-istilah dalam
dunia otomotif



(Indonesia- English )



1. Blok Silinder (Cylinder Block)

Fungsi : Sebagai tempat untuk menghasilkan energi panas dari proses pembakaran



2. Torak (Piston)

Fungsi : memindahkan tenaga yang diperoleh dari pembakaran ke poros engkol
(crank shaft) melalui batang piston (connecting rod)



3. Cincin Torak (Ring Piston)

Fungsi : - Mencegah kebocoran gas saat langkah kompressi dan usaha

- Mencegah oli masuk keruang bakar

- Memindahkan panas dari piston ke dinding silinder



4. Batang Torak (Connecting Rod)

Fungsi : Menerima tenaga dari piston yang diperoleh dari pembakaran dan
meneruskannya ke poros engkol (crank shaft)



5. Poros Engkol (Crankshaft)

Fungsi : Merubah gerak turun naik piston menjadi gerak putar yang akhirnya
menggerakkan roda-roda



6. Bantalan (Bearing)

Fungsi : Mencegah keausan dan mengurangi gesekan pada poros engkol (crank
shaft)



7. Roda Penerus (Flywheel)

Fungsi : Menyimpan tenaga putar (inertia) yang dihasilkan pada langkah usaha,
agar poros engkol (crank shaft) tetap berputar terus pada langkah lain nya



8. Katup (Valve)

Fungsi : Membuka dan menutup saluran masuk dan saluran buang



9. Pegas Katup (Valve Spring)

Fungsi : Mengembalikan katup pada kedudukan/posisi semula



10. Tuas Katup (Rocker arm)

Fungsi : Menekan katup-katup sehingga dapat membuka



11. Batang penumbuk (Push rod)

Fungsi : Meneruskan gerak lifter ke rocker arm



12. Penumbuk katup (Valve Lifter)

Fungsi : Memindahkan gerak cam shaft ke rocker arm melalui push rod



13. Poros Bubungan (Camshaft)

Fungsi : Membuka dan menutup katup sesuai timming yang ditentukan



14. Karter (Oil Pan)

Fungsi : Menampung oli untuk pelumasan



15. Piston Pin

Fungsi : Menghubungkan piston dengan connecting rod melalui lubang bushing



16. Bantalan Luncur Aksial (Thrust Washer)

Fungsi : Menahan poros engkol (crank shaft) agar tidak bergerak maju-mundur



17. Timing Chain / Timing Belt

Fungsi : Menghubungkan gerakan putar poros engkol (crank shaft) ke poros cam
shaft



18. Kepala Silinder (Cylinder Head) 

Fungsi : Menempatkan mekanisme katup, ruang bakar dan juga sebagai tutup
silinder



19. Dudukan Katup (Valve Seat).

Fungsi : Merapatkan (mencegah kebocoran) pada saat katup menutup 



ISTILAH / SPESIFIKASI

a.OL = Overall Length

Panjang keseluruhan kendaraan termasuk bumper



b. OW = Overall Width

Lebar kendaraan termasuk bumper, molding, tonjolan dan lain lain 



c. OH = Overall Height

Tinggi kendaraan diukur dalam kondisi tanpa beban



d. WB = Wheel base

Jarak antara garis tengah axle depan dengan axle belakang



 e. FT = Front tread

Jarak antara garis tengah ban depan kanan dengan ban depan kiri



 f. RT = Rear tread

Jarak antara garis tengah ban belakang kanan dengan ban belakang kiri



 g. FO = Front overhang

Jarak dari sumbu roda depan sampai bagian ujung terdepan kendaraan termasuk
bumper



 h. RO = Rear overhang

Jarak dari sumbu roda belakang sampai bagian ujung terbelakang kendaraan
termasuk bumper



 i. MGC = Minimum ground clearance

Jarak terrendah yang diukur dari lantai dengan kendaraan dalam kondisi berat
kotor kendaraan



 j. AOA = Angle of approach

Sudut antara lantai dengan garis tengah dari roda depan ke titik pertama
singgungan 



k. AOD = Angle of departure

Sudut antara lantai dengan garis tengah dari roda belakang ke titik pertama
singgungan 



l. CW = Curb weight

 Berat kosong kendaraan tanpa beban atau pengemudi tetapi termasuk
sejumlah maksimum bahan bakar dan perlengkapan standar termasuk ban serep dan
alat-alat



m. GVW = Gross vehicle weight

 Berat total kendaraan maksimum yang diizinkan, berdasarkan pertimbangan
hukum dan kekuatan bahan

ISTILAH DALAM MOTOR BAKAR

1. Compression Ratio : Jumlah volume ruang bakar dan volume silinder dibagi
dengan         volume ruang bakar

2. Top Dead Center (TDC) / TMA : Posisi paling atas piston ketika bergerak naik


3. Combustion Chamber : Ruang bakar

4. Bore : Diameter silinder

5. Displacement : Volume total silinder

6. Bottom Dead Center (BDC) : Posisi paling bawah piston ketika bergerak turun

7. In Line engine : Silinder disusun dalam satu garis

8. V type Engine : Silinder disusun dalam dua garis yang membentuk sudut “V”

9. Boxer type engine : Silinder disusun dalam dua garis mendatar yang
berlawanan arah

10. OHV : Over head Valve

11. OHC : Over head Cam shaft

12. SOHC : Single over head Cam shaft

13. DOHC : Doble over head Cam shaft

14. Vanos : Variabel Nokkenwelle steurung



15. Four Valve Technologi : Mekanisme katup menggunakan multi valve (4 valve)



16. Four Wheel Drive (4WD) : Kendaraan yang ke empat rodanya dapat digunakan
sebagai tenaga penggerak



18. API (American Petroleum- : Standard yang menentukan kwalitas oli

Institute) 



19. SAE (Society of Automotive- : Angka indek yang menunjukan keken- Engineers)
talan oli



19. CBU : Completely Built Up 



20. CKD : Completely Knock Down



21. CO : Carbon Monoksida



22. HC : Hidro Carbon



23. DOT : Departement of transportation



24. Four Wheel Steering (4WS) : sistem kemudi yang ke-4 rodanya dapat berbelok.



25. Angka Octane : Angka yang menunjukan kemampuan bertahan bahan bakar bensin
terhadap Knocking 

26. Knocking : Waktu pembakaran tertunda yang panjang, dan tekanan kompresi
tinggi sekali yang mengakibatkan putaran mesin kasar



27. Angka Cetane : Angka yang mengontrol bahan bakar solar dalam kemampuan
pencegah terjadinya knocking



28. RHD : Right Hand Drive, kemudi terletak di sebelah kanan.

29. RON : Research Octane Number, cara untuk mengetahui angka oktan.



30. Coefisien of drag : Besarnya hambatan udara. 



31. LHD : Left Hand Drive



32. PK : Parden Kraft , tenaga kuda satuan Belanda.



33. PS : Pferde Starke, tenaga kuda satuan Jerman.



34. HP : Horse Power, tenaga kuda satuan Inggris.



35. Nm : Newton meter



36. Stroke : Langkah



37. VTEC : Variable valve Timing Electronic Control



38. ABS : Anti-lock Brake System



39. CO2 : Carbon dioksida



40. O2 : Oksigen



41. Pb : Plumbum (timah hitam)



42. Pb O2 : Plumbum oksida, Plat positif battery 



43. Pb : Plat negatif battery 



44. LSD : Limited Slip Differential 



45. FO : Firing Order 



46. FB : Firing Bench (FO pada mesin diesel) 



47. DIS : Diagnostic Station 



48. EFI : Electronic Fuel Injection



49. MPI : Multi Point Injection



50. CDI : Capasitor Discharge Ignition



51. TCI : Transistor Control Ignition



52. IC : Integrated Circuit



53. 1.8 L : 1,8 liter (1800 cc)